International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
281
Replication
The execution of an experiment or survey or observation more than once so as to increase the precision and to obtain a closer estimation of sampling errors......
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334
Classification chart
Chart showing the subdivision of a whole and the interrelation of its parts to each other.
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376
Heat capacity, Entropy
img:equations//374_380_e.jpg
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377
Specific heat capacity
img:equations//374_380_e.jpg
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734
Desiccation
In climatology, a prolonged decrease or disappearance of  water, due to decrease of rainfall, failure to maintain irrigation or deforestation or overcropping, or to changes in other climatic controls. Desiccation is manifested by the drying up of streams and lakes, the destruction of vegetation, or the loss of surface soil......
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735
Exsiccation
In climatology, the drying up of an area due to some change which decreases the amount of moisture by draining or evaporation without reducing the rainfall. This should be carefully distinguished from desiccation......
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874
Infiltration capacity
The maximum rate at which a given soil in a given condition can absorb rain as it falls, or irrigation water as it is applied......
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890
Evaporativity, Evaporative capacity, Evaporation power, Potential rate of evaporation, or Evaporation potential
Rate of evaporation under existing atmospheric conditions from a free surface of water that is chemically pure and has the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere......
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954
Channel capacity
The maximum flow which a given channel is capable of carrying without overtopping its banks.
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1044
Artesian capacity
The rate at which a well will yield water at the ground surface as the result of artesian pressure.
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1097
Field capacity, Normal field capacity, Normal moisture capacity, Maximum field carrying capacity, Field capillary (moisture) capacity, Effective water-holding capacity, Specific retention
1 - The amount of water held in the soil after the excess gravitational water has drained away and after the rate of downward movement of water has materially decreased. Essentially the same as `specific retention`, a more general term used in studies of groundwater, except that specific retention is generally given as a percentage by volume wherea.....
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1451
Bifurcation
A forking, or a division into two branches.
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1572
Transportation capacity
Value of maximum sediment discharge through a homogenous portion of a canal that can be evaluated with the help of formulae on sediment discharge......
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1678
Soil classification
Broad systematic groupings are made on the basis of general characteristics and subdivisions on the basis of more detailed differences in specific properties or soil horizons. A classifiation system has been used in the U.S. since 1938, with several revisions and with an additional great soil group in 1949 and another in 1960 by the Soil Survey Sta.....
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1721
Air capacity of soil
The quantity of air in the soil when the soil is at field moisture capacity.
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1760
Cation
An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.
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1766
Exchange complex, or Absorbing complex
The surface-active constituents of soil (both inorganic and organic) that are capable of cation exchange.
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1768
Exchangeable
Describes ions capable of replacement in the exchange (absorbing complex).
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1769
Ion exchange, Cation exchange, or Anion exchange
The replacement in a colloidal system of an ion by another with a charge of the same sign. Cation exchange refers to the interchange of positively charged ions (cations) and anion exchange to the replacement of negatively charged ions (anions) by other anions......
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1770
Exchange capacity, Cation exchange capacity, Base exchange capacity, or Saturation capacity
The total cation exchange, usually expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams. Measured value of cation exchange capacity depends somewhat on the method used for the determination......
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1781
Buffering capacity
The amount of alkali or acid required to produce a given change in pH.
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1786
Exchangeable-sodium percentage (ESP)
The degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with sodium. It may be calculated by the formula :
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1788
Exchange acidity
Acidity produced by treating soil with a solution of a neutral salt.
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1789
Exchangeable acidity or Potential acidity
H+ ions held in reserve
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1815
Moisture-holding capacity, Saturation capacity or Maximum water capacity
The amount of water required to fill all the pore spaces between the soil particles, i.e. the upper limit of the possible moisture content. It is often expressed as the percentage of the dry weight or as equivalent inches of water per foot of soil depth......
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