International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
1625
E Horizon
Is a mineral horizon showing a concentration of sand and silt fractions high in resistant minerals, resulting from a loss of silicate clay, iron or aluminum or some combination of them. E horizons are usually eluvial horizons which underlie on H, O, or A horizons. Their colour is generally lighter than that of the surface soil......
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8148
E-commerce, Electronic commerce
The conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. It also includes all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and use electronic mail, EDI, file transfer, fax, video conferencing, workflow, or interaction with a.....
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4619
Early irrigation (USA)
Watering carried out well in advance of planting if the moisture in the soil is not adequate to carry out the soil preparation process......
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8060
Early warning
The provision of timely and effective information, through identified institutions, that allows individuals exposed to a hazard to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response. .....
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5444
Earth
The softer materials of the lithosphere, specifically called soil in agricultural science and soil science, as distinguished from firm rock. Its basic constituents are the products of rock disintegration, glaciation, and erosion, consisting of boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, and clay, the latter in both particle and colloidal form. .....
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5815
Earth (dike)-coffer dam, or Earthfill coffer dam
A type of water coffer dam built entirely with earth materials protected by a revetment or by sand bags.
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2356
Earth dam, or Embankment dam
A barrier made of earth, clay, sand or sand and gravel, or a combination of these or of the earth and rock.
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6145
Earth loader
A machine consisting of a frame mounted on crawler tracks, a cutting blade, mouldboard plow, conveyor chute, conveyor belt, and an engine to operate the belts; used to load large hauling units. As the loader is pulled along, the plow and cutting blade loosen the earth, that is forced through the throat on to the conveyor belt and carried to the upp.....
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2627
Earth pressure
The pressure or force exerted by retained earth (soil) on any surface or boundary or a wall that varies between two extremes......
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6649
Earth resources technology satellite (ERTS)
One of several unmanned, earth‑orbiting satellites equipped to scan the surface of the Earth to obtain information relating to natural resources and the environment; the first launched in 1972......
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6404
Earth-flow
A slow flow of earth lubricated with water, occurring as either a low-angle terrace flow or a somewhat steeper but slow hillside flow......
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4766
Earth, Earthing, Ground, or Grounding cable
A electrical conductor that connects metal parts, as of a center pivot irrigation system, directly to the earth.  The cable is intended to eliminate the hazard that could occur if stray electrical currents were to be conducted to earth through the bodies of humans or animals......
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3176
Earthen section
Section of an irrigation channel having boundaries comprising softer material of the lithosphere, such as silt, clay.
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5497
Earthenware
Pipes and other goods made from ordinary brick-earths, burnt but may be glazed or unglazed.
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4277
Earthfast
A well is said to be earthfast when the friction of the earth against the outside of the drum becomes so great as to stop its descent before the requisite depth is attained......
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2591
Earthquake factor
The percentage of gravity acceleration for which a structure is required to be designed.
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7913
Earthquake flood, or Tsunami
1 - Flood in coastal areas or in low lying lands, caused by sea waves after a submarine earthquake or a volcanic eruption.  2 – See 2125 and 9364......
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6651
Earthwatch programme
A programme to assess global environmental trends in air, water, land and human health.   Part of the Action Plan adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972. Co‑ordinated by the World Meteorological Organization......
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3845
Ease-water, Fairing
The downstream nose of a pier shaped to promote smooth emergence of the water flowing out of the adjacent bays. There are many forms of ease-waters that are designated according to their respective forms, the same as cut-waters. Also sometimes called `fairing`......
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2054
Ebb current
Current due to flood (i.e. falling).
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2023
Ebb tide
Tides during a period between high water and following low water.
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8147
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code, an 8-bit code developed by IBM for their mainframe computers, providing 256 bit-pattern equivalents of standard keyboard symbols......
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6947
Ecdysis
Moulting.
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7067
Ecesis
Germination and establishment of colonizing plants.
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1209
Echo sounder
An instrument for determining the depth of water in a stream or lake. The time interval between the generation of acoustic signals and the return of their echo, after striking the bed, measured and converted into depth, is automatically recorded by the instrument......
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