International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
130
Degrees of freedom
The degrees of freedom of a set of observations (ex- hypothesis are subject to sampling variation) is the number of independent values in the sample that could be assigned at will within the specification of the system......
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149
Distribution, free test
A test when the distribution function of the test statistic does not depend on the form of the distribution function of the observations. Note - If the hypothesis does not explicitly make an assertion about a parameter, the test is sometimes non-parametric. Example : Test of the null hypothesis that the observations of a given series are independen.....
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265
Freehand method
A method of describing the relationship in a series of data, ordered in time or space, whereby the general trend is estimated by drawing a line freehand through or near the series of plotted observations. Hence `freehand fit`......
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266
Freehand fit
The fit or trend, obtained from the `freehand method`.
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745
Glaze, Clear ice, Black ice or Freezing rain
A generally homogeneous and transparent ice layer deposited by drizzle or rain that is supercooled on surfaces having temperature below  0oC ; it may also be produced by non-supercooled drizzle or rain falling on the surface having temperature below 0oC and starting to freeze at once.  Rime ice is softer and less transparent than glaze......
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997
Free groundwater, Phreatic water, or Non-artesian water
Groundwater having a water table, as opposed to groundwater confined by an impervious or semipervious formation at its upper boundary......
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1001
Fixed groundwater
Water held in saturated material with interstices so small that it is permanently attached to the pore walls or moves so slowly that it is usually not available as a source of water for pumping......
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1055
Fault dam spring
Groundwater discharge to the earth`s surface above a reverse fault, the depressed bedrock block being covered with a thick deposit of alluvium and the raised block presenting a barrier to the flow of groundwater......
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1077
Groundwater dam
A natural or artificial body of material that is impermeable or has only low permeability and which occurs below the surface in such a position that it impedes the horizontal movement of groundwater and consequently causes a pronounced difference in the level of the water table on its opposite sides......
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1126
Artesian free flow
Natural over ground flow from wells and springs in the artesian basins.
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1264
Retention dams
Small earthen dams designed to retain water for only short periods of time to prevent excessively rapid runoff and erosion......
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1284
Quondam
An outlet that is no longer functioning. .
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1299
Tidal flats
Areas of nearly flat, barren mud periodically covered by tidal waters.
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1354
Detention dam
A dam built to store streamflow or surface runoff and to control the release of such stored water.
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1355
Diversion dam
A barrier built across a stream to divert all or some of the water.
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1384
Sudd, or Sadd (Arabic : barrier or dam)
Large floating island of vegetative matter impending navigation on the Upper White Nile. Also an earthen embankment blocking a river or branch of a river or ring bund around a work under construction in the bed of a river......
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1389
Free eddy
An eddy which is free to move away from bypassing contact with a structure, such as a guide bank which otherwise hinders its uprise......
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1449
Surface bend, or Free bend
A curved reach of a river, usually in alluvial material and. occurring where the stream slope is typically much flatter than the valley floor, and the stream length is much longer than the valley length......
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1561
Basket dam
A sack dam composed of boulders held in a woven wire sack and piled up to form a barrier or jetty.
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1562
Sausage dam
A type of deflection or diversion dam composed of layers of boulders, overlaid and held in place by hogwire fencing; distinguished from a basket dam in that the latter is a woven wire sack filled with boulders and piled up as in a sack dam. Both are especially adapted to jetties and river bank protection......
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1563
Crib, Crib dam, Pigsty work, Pigstying
A type of construction consisting of pieces of timber fixed together to form bays or cells which are filled with stone or other suitable material. May be of various shapes. Used for dams, groynes, bank protection, etc.; sometimes called `pigsty work` or `pigstying`, though the latter is also used for timber work similar to cribwork but without the .....
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1999
Sill dam
A dam, generally of strong brushwood mattress weighted with heavy rip-rap, constructed on the sea side in the foreground, for the purpose of guarding against scouring of the sea bottom by the overflowing water and consequent damage to the structures and other works......
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2145
Alkali flat
A sterile plain containing an excess of alkali, typically at the bottom of an underdrained basin in an arid region.
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2248
Closed weir, Overflow diversion dam, Fixed crest weir, Blind weir, or Ungated weir
A low dam built as a complete obstruction across the river so that the entire stream flow can pass over it. It may or may not be fitted with crest gates; when not fitted with crest gates, it is also called `fixed crest weir`, or `blind weir`, or `ungated weir`......
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2249
Open weir, or Open diversion dam
A diversion weir across a river to produce least obstruction to the flow. It comprises undersluices and several other bays having falling shutters fitted on a permanent structure......
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