International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
41
Paired comparison
The comparison of two samples of equal size where the members of one can be paired off against the members of the other.
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1206
Air-line correction
One of two stream gauging corrections to determine true water depth under conditions that cause large vertical angles in air-line configuration. The air line correction is for that part of the line that is above the water surface (illustrated). .....
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1692
Prairie soil
Soil developed under grass in humid, temperate regions and resembling chernozem, but dark brown on the surface, ordinarily with some textural profile and without a prominent horizon of accumulated calcium carbonate......
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1719
Air pycnometer
A device for measuring the proportion of the total volume of the soil which is occupied by air.
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1720
Degree of aeration, or Air space ratio
Ratio between the volume of air and the volume occupied by the voids.
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1721
Air capacity of soil
The quantity of air in the soil when the soil is at field moisture capacity.
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1722
Air content of soil
Part of the pore volume not filled with water, expressed as percentage of soil volume.
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1927
Root hair
A unicellular outgrowth from a superficial cell of a young root, serving for the absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil. Its cavity is continuous with that of the cell from which the root hair springs......
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2198
Prevention and repair
As related to land management, consists of the implementation of works, such as reforestation of steep slopes, halting gully erosion by check-dams, tree planting on gully banks and to shatter against wind erosion, bench terracing of steep land, contour cultivation on lower lands, bund building to control surface runoff, etc......
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2667
Zero air voids unit weight
The weight of solids per unit volume of a saturated soil mass.
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3370
Insufflation, or Air entrainment
The phenomenon of entraining appreciable percentage of air by the sheet of flow passing with high velocities over chute or spillways......
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3677
Free fall orifice, Free-into-air orifice, Free discharge orifice, or Free orifice
An orifice with jet discharging freely into the air.
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3845
Ease-water, Fairing
The downstream nose of a pier shaped to promote smooth emergence of the water flowing out of the adjacent bays. There are many forms of ease-waters that are designated according to their respective forms, the same as cut-waters. Also sometimes called `fairing`......
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3891
Paired-obstacle fishway
A fishway that consists of a sloping rectangular channel with baffles or obstacles in opposed pairs, spaced along the channel at intervals approximately equal to the channel width, and with straight free passage between them. The free passage is considerably restricted : one-half to five-eighth of the channel width being taken up by the obstacles (.....
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4332
Air rotary drilling
A rotary well drilling method that uses compressed air, rather than a liquid, as the drilling fluid.
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4414
Air-logging
Restriction of water flow toward and into a well, caused by air trapped in the pores of the formation or gravel pack.
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4430
Air line, Air line pipe, or Well air line
A tube, containing pressurized air, and fitted with a pressure gauge, for measuring the distance from the top of well to the water......
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4465
Air displacement pump
A displacement pump where compressed air is used as the means of displacement in the cylinders instead of pistons or plungers......
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4466
Air-chamber pump
A displacement pump, equipped with an air chamber, in which the air is alternately compressed and expanded by the water displaced by the pump, with the result that the water is discharged at a more even rate......
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4467
Air-lift pump, or Air lift
A pump, used largely in lifting water from wells, where air under pressure is discharged, as fine bubbles, into the water at the bottom of the well. The air mixes with the water and reduces the apparent specific gravity of the air-water mixture. The pressure of the surrounding denser water causes the resulting mixture of water and air to rise in th.....
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4471
Compressed air type pump
A type of pneumatic pump in which compressed air forces liquid from a closed vessel or tank to another vessel or tank at a higher level......
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4803
Air valve, Air relief valve
An automatically functioning valve that permits the one or more of the following three functions : 1 - entry of air into the pipe while emptying the system, 2 - release of air from the pipe while filling the system, or 3 - elimination of air pockets that get formed in the pipe during normal operation, 4 - allow the entrance of air from the atmosphe.....
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5401
Air relief valve
Device for releasing air from a high point in a discharge pipe to utilize siphon operation.
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5525
Air-entraining Portland cement
A cement wherein minute quantities of certain air-entraining materials have been incorporated by intergrinding them with the clinker during the process of cement manufacture......
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5553
Air content
The amount of air entrained in a sample of mortar or concrete, as determined by a laboratory test.
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