International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)

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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
17
Multistage sampling
A type of sampling when the sample is selected by stages, the sampling units at each stage being sub-sampled from the larger units chosen at the previous stage......
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34
Sampling distribution
The distribution of a statistic (or set of statistics) in all possible samples chosen according to a specified sampling scheme......
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35
Sampling error
That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, due to fact that only a sample of value is observed; as distinct from errors due to imperfect selection, bias in response or estimation, errors of observation and recording, etc. The totality of sampling errors in all possible samples of th.....
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68
Cumulative distribution curve, Distribution curve, or Ogive
A graphic plot of the cumulative frequencies for a particular class interval and of all lower class intervals below it (or of all upper class intervals above it) against the class interval concerned. See 864......
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95
Frequency distribution
1 - An arrangement or distribution of quantities pertaining to a single element in the order of their magnitude. 2 - A specification of the way in which the frequencies of members of a population are distributed according to the values of the variates which they exhibit......
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97
Percentage distribution
A frequency distribution with the total frequency equated to 100 and the individual class frequencies in proportion to that figure......
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123
Coefficient of variation of a probability distribution
The ratio of the standard deviation to the absolute value of the expectation.
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133
Sampling variance
The variance of a sampling distribution.
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142
Stratified sampling
A method of sampling whereby the population is divided into groups, according to some relevant characteristic, and a simple random sample is taken from each group......
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145
Asymmetrical distribution
A distribution that is not symmetrical, or it has no central value a such that f(x - a) = f(a - x), f(x) being the frequency function. See `symmetrical distribution`. See 174......
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146
Bimodal distribution
A frequency distribution with two modes.
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147
Binomial distribution
A distribution following the binomial law in which the observations are classified simply as having or lacking a certain characteristic. If an event has probability p of occurrences at any one trial, the probability of r occurrences in n independent trials is C(r,n) = prqn-r , where q = 1 - p......
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148
Chi-squared distribution
If x1, x2, ... xv are a sample of v independent normally distributed random variables, each with zero mean and unit variance, the random variable x² = x1² + x2² + ------ + xv² gives the chi-square distribution with v degrees of freedom......
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149
Distribution, free test
A test when the distribution function of the test statistic does not depend on the form of the distribution function of the observations. Note - If the hypothesis does not explicitly make an assertion about a parameter, the test is sometimes non-parametric. Example : Test of the null hypothesis that the observations of a given series are independen.....
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150
Distribution, Gumbel, or Type I extreme value distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable x, the distribution function of which is :
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151
Distribution, Freschet, or Type II extreme value distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable x , the distribution function of which is :
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152
Distribution, hypergeometric
A distribution of a discrete variate generally associated with sampling from a finite population without replacement. The frequency of r `successes` [and n - r `failures`] in a sample of n so drawn from a population of N in which there are Np `successes` and Nq `failures` (p +q =1) is : .....
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153
Distribution, Weibull, or Type III extreme value distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable x, the distribution function of which is :
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154
Exponential distribution
A distribution of the form
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155
F-Distribution
The distribution of the ratio F of two independent quantities, each being distributed like a variance in normal samples.
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156
Gamma distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable x that can take any value from 0 to + ¥ with the probability density : .....
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157
Laplace-Gauss distribution,or Normal distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable x such that, if x is any real number, the probability density is :.....
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158
Laplace-Gauss standardized distribution
The probability distribution of a pair of standardized normal variates. For a pair of normal variates (X, Y ) of parameters (mx , my) and (sx and sy) the corresponding standardized variates are .....
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159
Normal distribution
A variate is said to be normally distributed when it takes all values from -∞ to +∞, with frequencies given by a definite mathematical law, namely that the logarithm of the frequency at any distance d from the centre of the distribution is less than the logarithm of the frequency at the centre by a quantity proportional to d2. The conti.....
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160
Rectangular distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous variate for which the probability density function is constant within a finite interval and zero outside this interval......
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