| Term No. | Term Name/Term Description | Action |
|---|
| 20 |
| Personal error | | An error caused by the inability of the observer to perceive dimensional values exactly. If the personal error is systematic, it is termed as a personal equation. In some cases it can be largely eliminated by an observing programme rendering half of the observed values too large and half of them too small...... | | Similar Terms |
| 21 |
| Error, or Absolute error | | The difference between an occurring value (i.e. the observed or computed value) of a quantity and its `true` or `expected` value. Here there is usually no imputation of mistake on the part of a human agent; the deviation is a chance effect. The error taken without regard to sign is called the `absolute error`...... | | Similar Terms |
| 22 |
| Accidental error, or Random error | | An error due to chance causes when, the sign of the error may be plus or minus. In a series of measurements accidental errors are compensating in their total effect (See 30)...... | | Similar Terms |
| 23 |
| Average error | | The mean of all the errors taken without regard to sign. | | Similar Terms |
| 24 |
| Similar Terms |
| 25 |
| Experimental error | | In general, any error in an experiment whether due to stochastic variation or bias. More specifically, the expression is used to denote the essential probabilistic variation to be expected under repetition of the experiment and not actual mistakes in the design or avoidable imperfections in technique or computations...... | | Similar Terms |
| 26 |
| Instrumental error | | A systematic error arising from the imperfect condition of the instrument used. | | Similar Terms |
| 27 |
| Observation error | | The difference between an observed value of a quantity and a value adapted as representing the ideal or true value of that quantity. Errors of observations are composed of either one or both of two general classes of errors, accidental errors and systematic errors. The algebraic sign of an observation error is determined from the equation : Error =..... | | Similar Terms |
| 28 |
| Probable error | | An indication of the precision attained in a series of measurements on a given object (See 132). | | Similar Terms |
| 29 |
| Residual error | | The difference between any value of a quantity in a series of observations, corrected for known systematic errors, and the value of the quantity obtained from the combination or adjustment of that series. In practice, it is the residual error which enter into a computation of probable error...... | | Similar Terms |
| 30 |
| Systematic error | | 1 - An error which, for known changes in field conditions, undergoes proportional changes in magnitude and which, for unchanging conditions, remains unchanged, both in sign and magnitude. Because in given conditions, the sign of a systematic error remains the same, the separate errors in a series of measurements will be cumulative in their total ef..... | | Similar Terms |
| 35 |
| Sampling error | | That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, due to fact that only a sample of value is observed; as distinct from errors due to imperfect selection, bias in response or estimation, errors of observation and recording, etc. The totality of sampling errors in all possible samples of th..... | | Similar Terms |
| 57 |
| Unbiased error | | An error that may be drawn at random from an error population with zero mean. | | Similar Terms |
| 106 |
| Average sample number | | The average number of sample units inspected per lot in reaching a decision to accept or reject. It is dependent on the actual quality level of the lot in question...... | | Similar Terms |
| 107 |
| Similar Terms |
| 113 |
| Weighted average, or Weighted mean | | An average of quantities that attaches a series of weights to it in order to make proper allowance for their relative importance. A value obtained by multiplying each of a series of values by its assigned weight and dividing the sum of those products by the sum of the weights. For example, a weighted arithmetic mean of x1, x2 ... xn with weights w1..... | | Similar Terms |
| 117 |
| Average deviation, or Mean deviation | | A measure of dispersion derived from the average deviation of observations from some central value, such deviations being absolute, i.e. without reference to algebric sign...... | | Similar Terms |
| 131 |
| Standard error | | 1 - An estimate of the standard deviation of the means of samples drawn from some single statistical population. Often calculated from a single set of samples. 2 - The square root of the variance of the sampling distribution of a statistic...... | | Similar Terms |
| 132 |
| Probable error | | Probable error is 0.6745 times the `standard error` (See 28). | | Similar Terms |
| 134 |
| Standardized averages, or Standardized means | | A method of allowing or `adjusting` the effects of other variables, or for differences in the composition of the groups that are to be compared, by using a standard set of weights to combine the means of sub-groups into a single mean. Used mainly for the construction of index numbers...... | | Similar Terms |
| 164 |
| Law of frequency of errors, or Law of errors | | One aspect of the normal distribution that enjoins that whenever a large sample is marshalled in the order of its magnitude, the frequency distribution of errors follows the `normal distribution`...... | | Similar Terms |
| 185 |
| Type I error | | In decision making, the error committed when a correct null hypothesis is rejected. The probability of its occurrence is denoted by a...... | | Similar Terms |
| 186 |
| Type II error | | In decision making, the error committed when an incorrect null hypothesis is accepted is called a `Type II error` and the probability of its occurrence is denoted by b...... | | Similar Terms |
| 203 |
| Error of estimation, or Error of estimate | | In general, the difference between an estimated value and the true value. More specifically, in regression analysis where the regression equation is used to estimate the `dependent` variables from given values of the `independent` variates, the difference between the estimated and observed value of the dependent variate. The standard deviation of t..... | | Similar Terms |
| 204 |
| Similar Terms |
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