International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
561
Moment of force (torque or impact)
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695
Microclimate
1 - Detailed climate of very small area of the earth’s surface, for example, a single forest or crop field or particularly small river basin.  2 – See 6587, 9295 and 9331......
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696
Macroclimate
The climate over a very large areas, such as deserts or oceans.
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2813
Impact stilling basin, or Impact basin
A type of stilling basin to serve the need for relatively smaller basins for the energy dissipation independent of tail water variations or any tail water at all (illustrated)......
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3059
Impact
The striking together of two or more solid bodies or streams of fluid resulting in energy loss or more accurately, energy transformation......
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3060
Impact loss
The head lost as a result of the impact of particles of water; included in and scarcely distinguishable from eddy loss.
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3061
Impact pressure
The pressure acting at the forward stagnation point of a body, such as a Pitot tube, placed in liquid current. Impact pressure may be measured from an arbitrary datum pressure......
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4780
Impact resistance factor
A parameter for specifying the capacity of an aluminium tube to resist external loads or impacts without permanent deformation......
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6461
Minimal-impact threshold velocity
The minimum wind velocity required to initiate erosion in an area when saltation particles from neighbouring area are falling on the area and adding their kinetic energy to that of the wind to start the soil movement......
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6578
Ecological impact
The total effect of an environmental change, either natural or man‑made, on the ecology of the area.
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6586
Macroclimate
The climate representative of relatively large areas.
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6587
Microclimate
1 - Climatic conditions within a few feet of the ground surface. 2 – See 695, 9295 and 9331.
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6598
Aesthetic impact
Any effect of a project on the beauty of a project area.
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6620
Impact indicator
An environmental element or parameter that provides a qualitative measure of a human or natural activity.
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6625
Direct impact
A change in the built or natural environment that is either the immediate result of an activity or is linked to the activity through an identified chain of cause and effect......
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7503
Environmental impact
An effect of any kind on any component, or the whole, of the environment.  
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7504
Long‑term impact
An effect of a human activity that will last after a project is completed, such as increased demand for public services, unavoidable pollution impacts, and irreversible commitments of resources......
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7505
Environmental impact analysis
A more‑or‑less formal consideration of the interaction of a proposed human activity with environmental elements that might be affected by the activity. Includes a determination of the probable effect of the activity on social and economic conditions.  Assessment of impact generally involves two major elements ‑ a quantitative measure of magni.....
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7809
Dry climate
Climate in which the total annual soil‑water shortage is 15 cm or greater, and there is no water surplus.
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7844
Climate Impact Assessment:
The practice of identifying and evaluating the detrimental and beneficial consequences of  climate change on natural and human systems......
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7845
Climate change
1 - A statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period of time (typically decades or longer).  2- See 9296......
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8371
Impact Printer
A computer-driven mechanical imprinting device where the characters are formed by the printer-head key striking a ribbon to imprint the character’s image onto a paper......
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9295
Climate
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather,” or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands of years. The classical period is 3 decades, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These.....
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9296
Climate Change
1 - Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. This usage differs from that in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which defines “climate change” as: “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activ.....
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9297
Climate System
The climate system is a highly complex system consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface, and the biosphere, and the interactions between them. The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and because of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, s.....
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