International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
198
Maximum likelihood method
The method of estimating a parameter (or parameters) of a population by that value (or values) which maximizes (or maximize) the likelihood of a sample......
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243
Least square method
A method of determining the arbitrary constants in the equation of a curve, based upon the principle that the most probable value of a quantity to be deduced from a set of measurements is obtained by making the sum of the squares of the residual (deviations from it) a minimum......
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265
Freehand method
A method of describing the relationship in a series of data, ordered in time or space, whereby the general trend is estimated by drawing a line freehand through or near the series of plotted observations. Hence `freehand fit`......
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268
Moving average method of fit
The averaging at the central year of a series of overlapping means to smooth out, or damp down, undue high and low, short-term values. Hence, the `moving average fit`. (See also 279)......
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364
Speed, or Velocity
img:equations//362_368_e.jpg
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417
Angular velocity
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418
Velocity
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548
Velocity
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1099
Effective velocity (of groundwater), Actual velocity (of groundwater), True velocity (of groundwater), or Field velocity (of groundwater)
The velocity measured by the volume of groundwater passing per unit time through unit cross sectional area divided by the effective porosity of the water transmitting material......
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1100
Apparent velocity (of groundwater)
The apparent distance moved in unit time by groundwater. It is determined by V = Q/F where F is the cross sectional area perpendicular to the streamlines and Q the volume of water passing through this cross section in unit time......
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1101
Average velocity (of groundwater)
The volume of groundwater passing through a unit cross-sectional area in unit time divided by the porosity of the water transmitting material......
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1102
Critical velocity (of groundwater )
For porous media the maximum velocity under which laminar flow can occur.
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1168
Stream gauging
The process of determining the discharge of water in an open channel, commonly as the product of flow velocity and cross-sectional area.  See also 1169......
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1169
Dilution gauging, Chemihydrometry
Methods of measuring the flow of water by introducing a constant flow of a chemical or radioactive solution of known concentration for a sufficient period of time at one section of the water channel and then by determining the resulting degree of dilution of this solution at another downstream section......
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1170
Salt-dilution gauging
A method for the measurement of flow of water based upon the nearly linear relation between the concentration and the electrical conductivity of a salt solution, which makes it possible to determine the degree of dilution by integrating a conductivity time graph......
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1171
Cloud-velocity gauging, Allen`s method of velocity gauging, Colour-velocity gauging
A method of determining the velocity of a slug of dye between two stations in the channel. This velocity, assumed to be the mean velocity of flow, multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the channel, gives the discharge. `Allen`s method` and `colour-velocity method` are different forms of cloud-velocity gauging......
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1172
Float gauging
Estimation of the average velocity of water in an open channel by timing the rate of movement of weighted floats in order to determine discharge......
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1173
Gauging station
A selected site on a stream equipped and operated to furnish basic data from which systematic records of discharge may be derived......
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1174
Discharge site, Gauging site, or Velocity-area gauging station
A location on a stream where gauge, velocity and cross-sectional areas are measured, or other gauging methods are deployed, in order to determine the discharge......
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1196
Discharge section line, Gauging section, or Metering section
The cross-section in which depths and velocities of water are measured between two points located one on each bank of a channel (illustrated)......
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1212
Mean velocity, Average velocity, Overall mean velocity
The velocity at a given section or reach of a stream obtained by dividing the discharge of the stream by the cross-sectional area at that section. .....
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1213
Mean velocity position
The point lying between the water surface and the bed of a channel at which the velocity is equal to the mean velocity on a vertical......
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1216
Velocity rod correction
The correction to be applied to the velocity given by a velocity rod in order to convert it into mean velocity.
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1217
Mean velocity curve
A curve showing the relation between mean velocity and stage at a given section of an open channel.
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1218
Vertical velocity curve
A curve showing the relation between the depth and velocity along a vertical line at a given section of an open channel or conduit......
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