International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
4
Absolute difference
The magnitude of the difference between two values. The difference taken without regard to sign between values of two variables and in particular of two random variables......
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11
Chi-squared statistic
A statistic distributed as chi-squared (c²), namely the sum of squares of independent standard normal variables, widely used to test agreement between observation and hypothesis......
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12
Basic data
Records of observations and/or measurements of physical facts, occurrences and conditions, as they occur excluding there from any material or information developed by means of computation or estimation......
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13
Derived data
Records of observations and measurements of physical facts, occurrences and conditions developed from `basic data` by standard methods of computation and estimation......
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14
Datum
1 - Any graphical numerical or geometrical quantity or set of such quantities that may serve as a reference or base for other quantities. 2 - See 2071 and 3306......
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15
Derived statistic
A derived statistic is one that is obtained by an arithmetical operation from the primary observations or statistics.
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18
Systematic deterministic
A theory that predicts precisely how each observation will turn out, not merely what proportion of observations will in the long run turn out in each of a number of possible ways (See 19)......
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19
Stochastic, Probabilistic, or Random
1 - A contrast to the `deterministic` theory, a stochastic theory merely predicts what proportion of observations will in the long run turn out in each of a number of possible ways (See 18). 2 - The adjective `stochastic` implies presence of a random variable; Stochastic process incorporates an element of randomness unlike `deterministic` process......
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22
Accidental error, or Random error
An error due to chance causes when, the sign of the error may be plus or minus. In a series of measurements accidental errors are compensating in their total effect (See 30)......
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29
Residual error
The difference between any value of a quantity in a series of observations, corrected for known systematic errors, and the value of the quantity obtained from the combination or adjustment of that series. In practice, it is the residual error which enter into a computation of probable error......
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34
Sampling distribution
The distribution of a statistic (or set of statistics) in all possible samples chosen according to a specified sampling scheme......
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38
Index number
A statistical indicator for reflecting the changes in magnitude of items in a series or groups of data, in terms of the value of a part of the respective data selected as a base......
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39
Ordered series
1 - A set of variate values that possess a natural sequence in time or space. 2 - A set of variate values that have been arranged in some specific manner related to their values, e.g. from the lowest to the highest values, or from the earliest available value to the latest available value......
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41
Paired comparison
The comparison of two samples of equal size where the members of one can be paired off against the members of the other.
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48
Period
1 - A term used to describe regularities of recurrence in an ordered series, sometimes rather vaguely. Although the word `periodic` suggests regularity, this connotation is not normally associated with period. Strictly, the word should relate to a period in a mathematical sense, that is to say, a term u(t) has a period w if u(t+w)=u(t) for all valu.....
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49
Return period
1 - The reciprocal of 1 minus the probability of the value of an occurrence equal to or less than a certain value. 2 - The mean number of such time units necessary to obtain a value equal to or greater than a certain value. For example, where the interval between observations is a year, a return period of 100 years means that, on the average, in th.....
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54
Annual-flood peak series
The tabulation or graph in order of decreasing magnitude of the maximum peak floods of each year.
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55
Partial duration series above a given base
A list of all events, such as, floods, occurring above a selected base, without regard to the number within a given period. In the case of floods, the selected base is usually equal to the lowest annual flood, in order to include at least one flood, each year......
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57
Unbiased error
An error that may be drawn at random from an error population with zero mean.
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60
Discrete variable
Where the possible values of the variable move in steps or jumps.
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68
Cumulative distribution curve, Distribution curve, or Ogive
A graphic plot of the cumulative frequencies for a particular class interval and of all lower class intervals below it (or of all upper class intervals above it) against the class interval concerned. See 864......
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73
Correlation diagram, or Scatter diagram
The graphical representation presenting a bivariate frequency distribution when both variables are quantitative.
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74
Duration curve
A curve that expresses the relation of all the units of some item (e.g. flow), arranged in order of magnitude as the ordinate, and time (frequently expressed in percentage) as the abscissa; a graphical representation of the number of times given quantities are equalled or exceeded during a certain period of record. The duration curve is the integra.....
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75
Duration-area curve of flows
A curve that shows the area beneath a duration curve and value of the flow, and is, thus an integral of duration with respect to stream flow. When the duration curve is plotted as a percentage of time, the resulting duration area shows the average flow available below a given discharge......
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77
Flow-duration curve
A duration curve of stream flow.
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