International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
55
Partial duration series above a given base
A list of all events, such as, floods, occurring above a selected base, without regard to the number within a given period. In the case of floods, the selected base is usually equal to the lowest annual flood, in order to include at least one flood, each year......
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74
Duration curve
A curve that expresses the relation of all the units of some item (e.g. flow), arranged in order of magnitude as the ordinate, and time (frequently expressed in percentage) as the abscissa; a graphical representation of the number of times given quantities are equalled or exceeded during a certain period of record. The duration curve is the integra.....
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75
Duration-area curve of flows
A curve that shows the area beneath a duration curve and value of the flow, and is, thus an integral of duration with respect to stream flow. When the duration curve is plotted as a percentage of time, the resulting duration area shows the average flow available below a given discharge......
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77
Flow-duration curve
A duration curve of stream flow.
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135
Aberrations, Anomalies, or Irregularities
A description of relatively unusual or irregular values of variables in a table or other display.
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258
Period of cycle, Duration of cycle, or Periodicity
In a less exact sense, the intercept along the abscissa (i.e. time in a time series) of an identical phase of cyclic or periodic movements, e.g. the time interval between the peaks or troughs......
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365
Acceleration
img:equations//362_368_e.jpg
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419
Acceleration
img:equations//418_421_e.jpg
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733
Regeneration flow, or Return flow
Water, that has been diverted from a body of surface water for irrigation purposes, passing downwards through the soil to groundwater, and ultimately reaching the same or another body of surface water to the subsoil water table......
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787
Rainfall penetration
The depth below the soil or rock surface reached by a given quantity of rainfall which has passed below such surface. The maximum extent of penetration is down to groundwater......
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805
Depth-duration curve, or Rainfall intensity-duration curve
A curve showing the relationship between the average intensity of the rainfall of a storm and the duration of the storm.
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867
Infiltration
1 – The flow or movement of water through the surface into the soil body or ground (illustrated). 2 – The absorption of liquid water by the soil, either when it falls as rain, or when applied as irrigation, or from a stream flowing over the ground. 3 – Flow from a porous medium into a channel, pipe, drain, reservoir or conduit. 4 – The infi.....
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873
Infiltration head
The depth of water on the surface porous media which causes infiltration.
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874
Infiltration capacity
The maximum rate at which a given soil in a given condition can absorb rain as it falls, or irrigation water as it is applied......
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875
Infiltration rate
1 – The rate at which water penetrates the surface of a soil. The term is usually used to refer to water occurring as precipitation, but is also applied to water flowing or standing upon soil. 2 – The rate at which groundwater enters an infiltration ditch, gallery, drain, sewer or other underground conduit......
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878
Infiltration coefficient
The ratio of infiltration to rainfall.
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879
Infiltration index
The average rainfall intensity over and above which the mass of rainfall (the supra-rain) equals the mass runoff. Note - In the illustration : (a) time; (b) rainfall; (c) the estimated amount of infiltration occurring before the rainfall rate exceeds the infiltration rate; (d) intensity; (e) excess rainfall......
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881
Standard infiltration curve
Curve showing what the rate of infiltration would be under a standard rain condition during which the rainfall intensity continuously exceeds the infiltration rate (illustrated)......
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882
Evaporation
1 – The process by which water is changed from the liquid state into the gaseous state through the transfer of heat energy. 2 – The product or result of evaporating......
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884
Mean annual evaporation
The average depth of evaporation over period of enough years to give an approximate constant value.
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890
Evaporativity, Evaporative capacity, Evaporation power, Potential rate of evaporation, or Evaporation potential
Rate of evaporation under existing atmospheric conditions from a free surface of water that is chemically pure and has the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere......
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891
Snow evaporation
Evaporation losses from snow covered surfaces.
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894
Evaporation tank, or Evaporation pan
An experimental tank used to determine the amount of evaporation from the surface of water under measured or observed climatic and cultural conditions......
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896
Evaporation station
A station set up on the surface of a water body or on land for making evaporation measurement.
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900
Transpiration
1 – The emission or exhalation of water vapour from the living plant. 2 – See 4998.
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