International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
6
Accuracy of the mean
The closeness of agreement between the true value and the mean result obtained by applying the experimental procedure to a very large number of times. The smaller the systematic part of the experimental errors which affect the results, the more accurate is the procedure......
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11
Chi-squared statistic
A statistic distributed as chi-squared (c²), namely the sum of squares of independent standard normal variables, widely used to test agreement between observation and hypothesis......
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19
Stochastic, Probabilistic, or Random
1 - A contrast to the `deterministic` theory, a stochastic theory merely predicts what proportion of observations will in the long run turn out in each of a number of possible ways (See 18). 2 - The adjective `stochastic` implies presence of a random variable; Stochastic process incorporates an element of randomness unlike `deterministic` process......
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37
Orthogonal
Two variates, or two linear functions are known as orthogonal if they are statistically independent.
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47
Trough, or Valley
The lowest quantity or value in observations of a cyclic sequence.
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50
Phase
The interval between the turning points of a series that is ordered in time or space.
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51
In phase
Fluctuating magnitudes whose limiting or corresponding values occur simultaneously are `in phase` otherwise they are `out of phase`......
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61
Weight
The importance of an object in relation to a set of objects to which it belongs; a numerical coefficient attached to an observation (frequently by multiplication) in order that it assumes the desired degree of importance in a function of all observations of the set......
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62
Bar chart
The graphical representation of frequencies or magnitudes by bars drawn with lengths proportional to the frequencies or magnitude. The frequency scale has no other interpretation than number and locations; thickness and areas of the bars also have no significance......
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64
Pie-chart
A device for presenting qualitative data where a circle is divided into pie-shaped pieces where areas and circumferences are proportional to the quantities to be represented......
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70
Chart of Cumulative sum, or Cusum chart
A control chart depicting calculated values of a statistic for a series of successive samples. The ordinate of each point plotted represents the ordinate of the immediately preceding point increased by the value of the statistic computed from the last sample. Cusum charts are interpreted by comparison with limits that may vary in position for each .....
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81
Nomograph
A diagram for the graphical solution of problems that involve formulae in two or more variables.
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84
Smoothing
The process of removing fluctuations in an ordered series to make it `smooth`, in the sense that first differences are regular, and higher order differences are small......
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85
Weighting
A statistical method of adjusting the results of observations by taking into consideration the fact that not all the data may be of equal reliability or importance......
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86
Weighting coefficient
The coefficient attached to an observation as its weight in a procedure involving weighting.
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99
Dimensional homogeneity
The condition of an equation when the units of length, time, and mass are identical on both sides of the equality sign.
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105
Arithematic mean
The arithmetic mean of a set of values. Generally denoted by a bar, thus :
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110
Harmonic mean
The reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of each observation.
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113
Weighted average, or Weighted mean
An average of quantities that attaches a series of weights to it in order to make proper allowance for their relative importance. A value obtained by multiplying each of a series of values by its assigned weight and dividing the sum of those products by the sum of the weights. For example, a weighted arithmetic mean of x1, x2 ... xn with weights w1.....
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139
Likelihood
Likelihood is defined as numerically equal to the probability when a series of hypotheses is being considered.
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148
Chi-squared distribution
If x1, x2, ... xv are a sample of v independent normally distributed random variables, each with zero mean and unit variance, the random variable x² = x1² + x2² + ------ + xv² gives the chi-square distribution with v degrees of freedom......
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151
Distribution, Freschet, or Type II extreme value distribution
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable x , the distribution function of which is :
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152
Distribution, hypergeometric
A distribution of a discrete variate generally associated with sampling from a finite population without replacement. The frequency of r `successes` [and n - r `failures`] in a sample of n so drawn from a population of N in which there are Np `successes` and Nq `failures` (p +q =1) is : .....
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162
Logarithmic normal distribution, or Lognormal distribution
If the logarithms of a set of variate values are distributed according to the normal distribution, the variate is said to have a logarithmic normal distribution, or be distributed lognormally......
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163
Central limit theorem
A theorem stating that, if repeated samples are drawn from the same population, the variations in the values of the means, standard deviation, etc., are approximately well described by a `normal distribution` (because the distributions of such statistics tend to be approximately `normal`)......
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