International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
370
Pressure
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430
Pressure
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550
Pressure
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561
Moment of force (torque or impact)
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886
Vapour pressure
The partial pressure of water vapour in the air or atmosphere.
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1038
Artesian pressure
Pressure of the artesian water.
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1040
Isopiestic line, or Pressure surface contour
Contour drawn on the piezometric surface of an artesian aquifer.
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1041
Pressure surface map
A map showing the contours of the pressure surface of a confined water system.
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1043
Piezometric surface, or Pressure surface
1 - An imaginary surface that everywhere coincides with the head of the water in an aquifer. 2 - See 5272.
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1631
Plough soil, Plowsole pan, or Induced pressure
A surface horizon or soil layer having a higher bulk density and a lower total porosity than the soil above or below it, as a result of pressure that has been applied by normal tillage operations or by other artificial means . Frequently referred to as plow pan, plowsole or traffic pan......
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1931
Wall pressure
Wall pressure is equal to and synonymous with turgor pressure for an isolated cell under equilibrium conditions.
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1932
Turgor pressure
The hydrostatic pressure in the liquid system within the plant cell.
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1933
Diffusion-pressure deficit
Diffusion-pressure deficit of water in a given system (in the soil or in a plant cell) is the amount in atmospheres, by which its diffusion pressure is less than that of pure water......
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1938
Root pressure
The force set up by the root which assists water to ascend the root and the stem. It is caused partly by the establishment of an osmotic gradient from the root hair to the pericycle of the roots......
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2284
Method of independent variables, or Khosla`s method of determination of uplift pressures and exit gradients
It is an empirical method evolved by an Indian Engineer A N Khosla for determining uplift pressures with high accuracy for a weir founded on permeable soils. The complex foundation profile is broken up into a number of simple profiles, each of which is independently amenable to mathematical treatment......
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2559
Drain well, Relief well, or Pressure relief well
A deep cylindrical drain located in the foundations of a dam or on its downstream to relieve the seepage pressures in pervious strata deep enough to be reached by trench drains and to drain localized concentrations of seepage, where a continuous trench of pervious blanket is not warranted; they are also employed to correct bed seepage conditions......
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2625
Hydrostatic pressure
The pressure in a liquid under static conditions. It is a derivative of the weight of the liquid per unit volume and difference in elevations of the free water surface and the given point......
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2626
Excess hydrostatic pressure, or Hydrostatic excess pressure
The pressure that exists in pore water in excess of the hydrostatic pressure.
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2627
Earth pressure
The pressure or force exerted by retained earth (soil) on any surface or boundary or a wall that varies between two extremes......
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2628
Active earth pressure
A pressure/force from the earth/soil) tending to overturn a free retaining wall. The soil mass mobilises its internal shearing resistance......
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2629
Passive earth pressure
A pressure/force at the outface that resists its deformation by other forces. The soil mass mobilises its internal shearing resistance......
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2630
Pore pressure, Pore water pressure, or Neutral stress
The pressure in the fluid within the voids of the soil.
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2631
Ice pressure
Pressure produced by ice due to its thermal expansion and by wind drag. Its value is generally taken from empirical curves developed from field and laboratory zests......
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2632
Silt pressure, or Silt load
Pressure exerted by saturated silt deposited against upstream side of a water retaining structure. The horizontal component (Vs) of silt load is given by Rankine`s formula by neglecting friction .....
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2633
Effective stress, Effective pressure, or Intergranular pressure
The pressure in a soil between the point of contact of the soil particles. In a state of equilibrium in a soil it is total pressure minus the pore pressure of the water in the pore space. Consolidation tends to increase effective pressure......
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