International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
8670
Kalman-filter
A linear system in which the mean-squared error between the desired output and the actual output is minimized when the input is a random signal generated by white noise......
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8843
Kanat, Foggara, Karez (used in Baluchistan), Rhettara (used in Morocco), or Qanat (used in Iran)
Subsurface gallery for water supply starting from below the water table and sloping downwards to the ground surface with a gradient flatter than both the water table and the ground surface......
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5511
Kankar, Bloc kankar, Nodular kankar
A nodular variety of limestone that is of spongy nature, containing some quantity of clayey and siliceous matter. It is found either in layers or blocks or in separate nodules......
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5461
Kaolin, China clay, or Porcelain clay
A white clay, essentially hydrated aluminium silicate, resulting from the decomposition of feldsparic rocks.
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5460
Kaolinite
A group of clay minerals, crystallizing in the monoclinic system, with chemical formula 2SiO2, Al2O3,2H2O and occurring as minute equidimensional flakes. A weathering product of igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly by the decomposition of feldspar......
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4516
Kaplan pump
A propeller type pump having adjustable blade impeller.
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8754
Karman street, or Karman vortex trail
The trail of vortices occurring in the wake of a body, after boundary layer separation has taken place.
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2133
Katteklei
A Dutch term. Iron sulphide containing material formed from brackish-water clay as the result of the oxidation of iron sulphate which gave acid and iron sulphate when there was not sufficient lime to neutralize the acid that had formed......
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8191
kbps (kilobits per second)
A unit of data rate where 1 kb/s = 1000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage where 1 Kb = 1024 bits (note upper case K)......
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4335
Kelly, or Grief stem
The uppermost joint of the drill string, square or hexagonal in cross-section, rather than circular, which permits the string to be rotated by the rotary table and at the same time to move downward as the bore is deepened......
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4336
Kellydrive bushing
A cylindrical connection or drive with two lugs on opposite sides, between the kelly and the drill.
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347
Kelvin (K)
The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water......
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1210
Kelvin tube
A device for measuring the depth of water, consisting of a glass tube with a chemical inside fixed in a lead tube. It is thrown into the water and taken out as soon as it touches the bed. The colour of the chemical changes according to the depth of water, which is measured by a scale provided by the manufacturer......
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3143
Kennedy`s equation
An empirical equation that applies to channels with erodible boundaries in alluvial soils carrying small sediment loads expressed as Vo = 0.55 db0.64 where Vo is non-silting, non-scouring, mean velocity (termed as critical velocity) (in m/sec) and db is the average depth (in m) over the bed including the side-slopes. The coefficient and exponent de.....
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3817
Kerb inlet, or Scupper
Apertures at the bottom of the kerb face to dispose of rain water.
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3816
Kerb, Kirb, Curb, Wheel guards, Fender curbs
1 - Raised strips on the sides of the roadway width of a bridge for use by pedestrian traffic and also for confining vehicular traffic within the roadway width. If not catering to pedestrian traffic, they are termed `wheel guards` or `fender curbs`. 2 - See 4274......
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8485
Kernel
The essential part of Unix or other operating systems, responsible for resource allocation, low-level hardware interfaces, security etc. See also microkernel. An essential subset of a programming language, in terms of which other constructs are (or could be) defined. Also known as a core language......
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2553
Key wall
A cutoff wall extending from the cutoff trench into the bed rock or the impervious subsurface stratum.
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2515
Key way, or Offset
Indentation or projection of some geometrical shape built or formed into poured surfaces to provide a degree of integral action with subsequent structural additions......
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8373
Keyboard
A peripheral device consisting of alphanumerics, punctuation marks, and other special function keys that are mechanically arranged to allow the entry of data, commands, and other information into the system......
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9326
Keystone Species
A species that has a central servicing role affecting many other organisms and whose demise is likely to result in the loss of a number of species and lead to major changes in ecosystem function......
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4454
Kharbauwy
An Egyptian water lifting device used in areas where the lift is from 0.6 to 1.0 metre. It is an improved paddle wheel worked by animal power. Instead of the blades turning within the side walls, they are rigidly fastened to the sides and the whole device rotates as a drum......
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3984
Kharif crop (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan)
Summer crop or monsoon crop.
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4446
Kili
A term used in India for a system of working the rope-and-bucket lift. In this system, the rope is fastened to the yoke by a wedge and when the cattle have reached the bottom of the ramp, this wedge is taken out. The driver holds the rope and is pulled up the ramp by the weight of the bucket going down. The cattle walk back on a parallel ramp and t.....
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737
Killing frost, Ground frost (UK)
A freezing condition sufficiently injurious to vegetation to end the growing season. In the United Kingdom this is considered to have occurred when a minimum thermometer exposed to the sky and just above the grass surface records a temperature of – 0.9oC (30.4oF) or below......
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