| Term No. | Term Name/Term Description | Action |
|---|
| 1 |
| Abnormal | 1 - Not normal. The term is used without any quantitative meaning, its use depends on judgement of the past records of similar occurrences. 2 - Above or below the normal value of an element, regardless of the degree of deviation.
..... | | Similar Terms |
| 2 |
| Normal | | A mean or average value established from a series of observations for purposes of comparison of some meteorological or hydrological events...... | | Similar Terms |
| 3 |
| Absolute | | 1 - Absolute value, i.e. the actual magnitude regardless of its sign. 2 - Independent of any arbitrary standard and determined only by the fundamental units of mass, length and time, e.g. absolute humidity. 3 - In climatology, the extreme highest and lowest values of any event which occur during a particular period at the place of observation...... | | Similar Terms |
| 4 |
| Absolute difference | | The magnitude of the difference between two values. The difference taken without regard to sign between values of two variables and in particular of two random variables...... | | Similar Terms |
| 8 |
| Anomaly | | A deviation from a norm not apparently explainable with available data. | | Similar Terms |
| 16 |
| Primary sample | | A sample taken from a population during the preliminary stage of multistage sampling. | | Similar Terms |
| 17 |
| Multistage sampling | | A type of sampling when the sample is selected by stages, the sampling units at each stage being sub-sampled from the larger units chosen at the previous stage...... | | Similar Terms |
| 19 |
| Stochastic, Probabilistic, or Random | | 1 - A contrast to the `deterministic` theory, a stochastic theory merely predicts what proportion of observations will in the long run turn out in each of a number of possible ways (See 18). 2 - The adjective `stochastic` implies presence of a random variable; Stochastic process incorporates an element of randomness unlike `deterministic` process...... | | Similar Terms |
| 20 |
| Personal error | | An error caused by the inability of the observer to perceive dimensional values exactly. If the personal error is systematic, it is termed as a personal equation. In some cases it can be largely eliminated by an observing programme rendering half of the observed values too large and half of them too small...... | | Similar Terms |
| 21 |
| Error, or Absolute error | | The difference between an occurring value (i.e. the observed or computed value) of a quantity and its `true` or `expected` value. Here there is usually no imputation of mistake on the part of a human agent; the deviation is a chance effect. The error taken without regard to sign is called the `absolute error`...... | | Similar Terms |
| 22 |
| Accidental error, or Random error | | An error due to chance causes when, the sign of the error may be plus or minus. In a series of measurements accidental errors are compensating in their total effect (See 30)...... | | Similar Terms |
| 25 |
| Experimental error | | In general, any error in an experiment whether due to stochastic variation or bias. More specifically, the expression is used to denote the essential probabilistic variation to be expected under repetition of the experiment and not actual mistakes in the design or avoidable imperfections in technique or computations...... | | Similar Terms |
| 26 |
| Instrumental error | | A systematic error arising from the imperfect condition of the instrument used. | | Similar Terms |
| 28 |
| Probable error | | An indication of the precision attained in a series of measurements on a given object (See 132). | | Similar Terms |
| 29 |
| Residual error | | The difference between any value of a quantity in a series of observations, corrected for known systematic errors, and the value of the quantity obtained from the combination or adjustment of that series. In practice, it is the residual error which enter into a computation of probable error...... | | Similar Terms |
| 32 |
| Fluctuations | | 1 - A movement up or down between consecutive items of a series of numbers or numerical observations. 2 - The variation of a statistic from sample to sample is known as a `sampling fluctuation`...... | | Similar Terms |
| 33 |
| Sample size | | The expanse of sampling units which are to be included in the sample. | | Similar Terms |
| 34 |
| Sampling distribution | | The distribution of a statistic (or set of statistics) in all possible samples chosen according to a specified sampling scheme...... | | Similar Terms |
| 35 |
| Sampling error | | That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, due to fact that only a sample of value is observed; as distinct from errors due to imperfect selection, bias in response or estimation, errors of observation and recording, etc. The totality of sampling errors in all possible samples of th..... | | Similar Terms |
| 36 |
| Law of large numbers | | The larger the samples, the less will be the variability in the sample averages and probability of occurrences. The law of large numbers works by its swamping effect rather than by compensation. By the law of large numbers, the average of a large number of independent measurements will be more precise and, therefore, have more reliability than a si..... | | Similar Terms |
| 37 |
| Orthogonal | | Two variates, or two linear functions are known as orthogonal if they are statistically independent. | | Similar Terms |
| 40 |
| Outliers | | In a set of observations it is likely that a limited number be far separated in value from the remainder that can give rise to questions whether these are not from a different population, or that the sampling technique is not at fault...... | | Similar Terms |
| 44 |
| Sample | | 1 - A part of a population, or a subset from a set of units, that is provided by some process, usually a deliberate selection with the object of investigating the properties of the parent population or set. 2 - The data or the observations numbers that have been observed...... | | Similar Terms |
| 45 |
| Probability | | 1 - The probability of outcome of certain events or equal to the `relative frequency` of this outcome among all events of the same kind. 2 - A basic concept, that may be taken either as indefinable, expressing belief in some degree, or as the limiting frequency in an infinite random series...... | | Similar Terms |
| 47 |
| Similar Terms |
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