International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
11
Chi-squared statistic
A statistic distributed as chi-squared (c²), namely the sum of squares of independent standard normal variables, widely used to test agreement between observation and hypothesis......
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114
Root mean square
The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of each observation and is given by
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129
Mean square
In general, the mean square of a set of values is the arithmetic mean of the squares of their differences from some given value, namely their second moment about that value......
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148
Chi-squared distribution
If x1, x2, ... xv are a sample of v independent normally distributed random variables, each with zero mean and unit variance, the random variable x² = x1² + x2² + ------ + xv² gives the chi-square distribution with v degrees of freedom......
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190
Chi-squared test
The test of significance based upon the chi-squared statistic c2.
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198
Maximum likelihood method
The method of estimating a parameter (or parameters) of a population by that value (or values) which maximizes (or maximize) the likelihood of a sample......
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208
Mean square error of estimate
The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squared deviations between the estimates for different samples and the population parameter under estimation......
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243
Least square method
A method of determining the arbitrary constants in the equation of a curve, based upon the principle that the most probable value of a quantity to be deduced from a set of measurements is obtained by making the sum of the squares of the residual (deviations from it) a minimum......
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244
Least square line
A relationship between variates obtained by minimizing the mean-squared vertical deviations from the `regression line` where the regression between the variates is linear......
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265
Freehand method
A method of describing the relationship in a series of data, ordered in time or space, whereby the general trend is estimated by drawing a line freehand through or near the series of plotted observations. Hence `freehand fit`......
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268
Moving average method of fit
The averaging at the central year of a series of overlapping means to smooth out, or damp down, undue high and low, short-term values. Hence, the `moving average fit`. (See also 279)......
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269
Least square fit
A straight or curvilinear trend to give the mean of the squared vertical deviations as minimum. See 244.
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472
144 square inches
img:equations//472_476_e.jpg
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473
9 square feet
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474
1210 square yards
img:equations//472_476_e.jpg
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624
Kilograms-force per cm square
img:equations//596_630_e.jpg
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1171
Cloud-velocity gauging, Allen`s method of velocity gauging, Colour-velocity gauging
A method of determining the velocity of a slug of dye between two stations in the channel. This velocity, assumed to be the mean velocity of flow, multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the channel, gives the discharge. `Allen`s method` and `colour-velocity method` are different forms of cloud-velocity gauging......
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1232
Integration method of velocity measurement
A means of determining the mean velocity at a vertical depth of a stream by noting the total number of revolutions of a current meter vane and the time consumed, while the meter is slowly lowered from the surface to the bed and returned one or more times......
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2062
Warping, or Commutation method
A process of allowing the tide to overflow low lying lands so as to deposit thereon the silt which it carries in suspension......
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2284
Method of independent variables, or Khosla`s method of determination of uplift pressures and exit gradients
It is an empirical method evolved by an Indian Engineer A N Khosla for determining uplift pressures with high accuracy for a weir founded on permeable soils. The complex foundation profile is broken up into a number of simple profiles, each of which is independently amenable to mathematical treatment......
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2566
Gravity method (two-dimensional method of analysis)
A method for stress analysis of gravity dams assuming the structure of the dam to be composed of vertical cantilever elements that act independently of each other while the vertical stress varies linearly......
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2567
Slab analogy method
A two-dimensional method of studying the non-linear distribution of stresses in a dam by considering the analogy between the stresses in a two-dimensional elastic body and the deflections of an unloaded slab of the same shape bent by forces and couples applied round its edges......
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2568
Lattice analogy method
A three-dimensional method of analysing stresses in a dam by considering it a frame consisting of diagonally braced squares......
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2569
Trial load method
A three-dimensional method of dam analysis in which the dam is assumed to be made up of two or more systems of elements; for arch dams - vertical cantilever elements and horizontal arch elements; and for gravity dams - vertical cantilever element, horizontal beam elements and a twisted structure system of vertical and horizontal elements. Each syst.....
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2570
Amplified trial load method
For arch dams it is an assumption that the water load is divided between the arch and cantilever elements, that the division may or may not be constant from abutment to abutment for each horizontal element and that the true division of load is the one which causes equal arch and cantilever deflections in all arches and cantilevers instead of at the.....
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