International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
139
Likelihood
Likelihood is defined as numerically equal to the probability when a series of hypotheses is being considered.
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198
Maximum likelihood method
The method of estimating a parameter (or parameters) of a population by that value (or values) which maximizes (or maximize) the likelihood of a sample......
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243
Least square method
A method of determining the arbitrary constants in the equation of a curve, based upon the principle that the most probable value of a quantity to be deduced from a set of measurements is obtained by making the sum of the squares of the residual (deviations from it) a minimum......
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265
Freehand method
A method of describing the relationship in a series of data, ordered in time or space, whereby the general trend is estimated by drawing a line freehand through or near the series of plotted observations. Hence `freehand fit`......
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268
Moving average method of fit
The averaging at the central year of a series of overlapping means to smooth out, or damp down, undue high and low, short-term values. Hence, the `moving average fit`. (See also 279)......
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758
Maximum probable precipitation
An estimate of precipitation of a given amount and duration derived by a technique of maximization of all contributing factors like moisture content, precipitable water, wind velocity and spatial distribution. It is a value that has extremely low probability of occurrence......
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775
Maximum probable rainfall
Amount of rainfall that is the statistical (physical) upper limit for a given duration over a particular basin.
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790
Maximum effective rainfall
Part of rainfall producing the maximum flow (according to a hydrograph).
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947
Maximum probable flood
Greatest flood that may be expected, taking into account all pertinent factors of location, meteorology, hydrology and terrain......
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1097
Field capacity, Normal field capacity, Normal moisture capacity, Maximum field carrying capacity, Field capillary (moisture) capacity, Effective water-holding capacity, Specific retention
1 - The amount of water held in the soil after the excess gravitational water has drained away and after the rate of downward movement of water has materially decreased. Essentially the same as `specific retention`, a more general term used in studies of groundwater, except that specific retention is generally given as a percentage by volume wherea.....
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1171
Cloud-velocity gauging, Allen`s method of velocity gauging, Colour-velocity gauging
A method of determining the velocity of a slug of dye between two stations in the channel. This velocity, assumed to be the mean velocity of flow, multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the channel, gives the discharge. `Allen`s method` and `colour-velocity method` are different forms of cloud-velocity gauging......
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1232
Integration method of velocity measurement
A means of determining the mean velocity at a vertical depth of a stream by noting the total number of revolutions of a current meter vane and the time consumed, while the meter is slowly lowered from the surface to the bed and returned one or more times......
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1815
Moisture-holding capacity, Saturation capacity or Maximum water capacity
The amount of water required to fill all the pore spaces between the soil particles, i.e. the upper limit of the possible moisture content. It is often expressed as the percentage of the dry weight or as equivalent inches of water per foot of soil depth......
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1840
Maximum capillary head
The highest elevation to which any continuous channel of water exists above the free water surface.
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1967
Maximum temperature
When referring to temperature effects on plant growth the highest temperature at which growth of a plant will continue without injury after a specified period of exposure......
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2062
Warping, or Commutation method
A process of allowing the tide to overflow low lying lands so as to deposit thereon the silt which it carries in suspension......
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2279
Designed maximum head across the weir
The maximum difference in elevations that may occur under any set of conditions between the upstream and downstream water levels of a weir......
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2284
Method of independent variables, or Khosla`s method of determination of uplift pressures and exit gradients
It is an empirical method evolved by an Indian Engineer A N Khosla for determining uplift pressures with high accuracy for a weir founded on permeable soils. The complex foundation profile is broken up into a number of simple profiles, each of which is independently amenable to mathematical treatment......
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2388
Surface area of reservoir, or Maximum water surface area
The water surface area of a reservoir at its designed full capacity.
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2410
Maximum water level
The maximum water level including flood surcharge for which the dam has been designed to withstand.
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2413
Minimum reservoir level, or Maximum draw down level
The lowest level to which a reservoir level may be lowered keeping in view the requirements of head for the water to be released downstream for hydropower generation or for irrigation and other needs......
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2437
Structural height of dam, or Maximum height of dam
Distance between the lowest point in the foundation and top of the dam. The structural height of an earth dam is the vertical distance between the top of the embankment and the lowest point in the excavated foundation area including the main cutoff trench if any, but excluding small trenches or narrow backfilled areas of less than 10 metres width. .....
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2439
Maximum base width
Horizontal distance between the outer points of the heel and toe of the cross section of a dam or spillway.
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2566
Gravity method (two-dimensional method of analysis)
A method for stress analysis of gravity dams assuming the structure of the dam to be composed of vertical cantilever elements that act independently of each other while the vertical stress varies linearly......
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2567
Slab analogy method
A two-dimensional method of studying the non-linear distribution of stresses in a dam by considering the analogy between the stresses in a two-dimensional elastic body and the deflections of an unloaded slab of the same shape bent by forces and couples applied round its edges......
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