| Term No. | Term Name/Term Description | Action |
|---|
| 1 |
| Abnormal | 1 - Not normal. The term is used without any quantitative meaning, its use depends on judgement of the past records of similar occurrences. 2 - Above or below the normal value of an element, regardless of the degree of deviation.
..... | | Similar Terms |
| 2 |
| Normal | | A mean or average value established from a series of observations for purposes of comparison of some meteorological or hydrological events...... | | Similar Terms |
| 4 |
| Absolute difference | | The magnitude of the difference between two values. The difference taken without regard to sign between values of two variables and in particular of two random variables...... | | Similar Terms |
| 6 |
| Accuracy of the mean | | The closeness of agreement between the true value and the mean result obtained by applying the experimental procedure to a very large number of times. The smaller the systematic part of the experimental errors which affect the results, the more accurate is the procedure...... | | Similar Terms |
| 7 |
| Precision | | A quality associated with a class of measurements, refers to the way in which repeated observations conform to themselves; and in a somewhat narrower sense to the dispersion of observations...... | | Similar Terms |
| 8 |
| Anomaly | | A deviation from a norm not apparently explainable with available data. | | Similar Terms |
| 17 |
| Multistage sampling | | A type of sampling when the sample is selected by stages, the sampling units at each stage being sub-sampled from the larger units chosen at the previous stage...... | | Similar Terms |
| 18 |
| Systematic deterministic | | A theory that predicts precisely how each observation will turn out, not merely what proportion of observations will in the long run turn out in each of a number of possible ways (See 19)...... | | Similar Terms |
| 19 |
| Stochastic, Probabilistic, or Random | | 1 - A contrast to the `deterministic` theory, a stochastic theory merely predicts what proportion of observations will in the long run turn out in each of a number of possible ways (See 18). 2 - The adjective `stochastic` implies presence of a random variable; Stochastic process incorporates an element of randomness unlike `deterministic` process...... | | Similar Terms |
| 20 |
| Personal error | | An error caused by the inability of the observer to perceive dimensional values exactly. If the personal error is systematic, it is termed as a personal equation. In some cases it can be largely eliminated by an observing programme rendering half of the observed values too large and half of them too small...... | | Similar Terms |
| 22 |
| Accidental error, or Random error | | An error due to chance causes when, the sign of the error may be plus or minus. In a series of measurements accidental errors are compensating in their total effect (See 30)...... | | Similar Terms |
| 24 |
| Similar Terms |
| 25 |
| Experimental error | | In general, any error in an experiment whether due to stochastic variation or bias. More specifically, the expression is used to denote the essential probabilistic variation to be expected under repetition of the experiment and not actual mistakes in the design or avoidable imperfections in technique or computations...... | | Similar Terms |
| 26 |
| Instrumental error | | A systematic error arising from the imperfect condition of the instrument used. | | Similar Terms |
| 27 |
| Observation error | | The difference between an observed value of a quantity and a value adapted as representing the ideal or true value of that quantity. Errors of observations are composed of either one or both of two general classes of errors, accidental errors and systematic errors. The algebraic sign of an observation error is determined from the equation : Error =..... | | Similar Terms |
| 31 |
| Conversion factor | | That factor by which the numerical value made in one system of units must be multiplied to arrive at the numerical value in another system of units...... | | Similar Terms |
| 32 |
| Fluctuations | | 1 - A movement up or down between consecutive items of a series of numbers or numerical observations. 2 - The variation of a statistic from sample to sample is known as a `sampling fluctuation`...... | | Similar Terms |
| 34 |
| Sampling distribution | | The distribution of a statistic (or set of statistics) in all possible samples chosen according to a specified sampling scheme...... | | Similar Terms |
| 35 |
| Sampling error | | That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, due to fact that only a sample of value is observed; as distinct from errors due to imperfect selection, bias in response or estimation, errors of observation and recording, etc. The totality of sampling errors in all possible samples of th..... | | Similar Terms |
| 36 |
| Law of large numbers | | The larger the samples, the less will be the variability in the sample averages and probability of occurrences. The law of large numbers works by its swamping effect rather than by compensation. By the law of large numbers, the average of a large number of independent measurements will be more precise and, therefore, have more reliability than a si..... | | Similar Terms |
| 37 |
| Orthogonal | | Two variates, or two linear functions are known as orthogonal if they are statistically independent. | | Similar Terms |
| 38 |
| Index number | | A statistical indicator for reflecting the changes in magnitude of items in a series or groups of data, in terms of the value of a part of the respective data selected as a base...... | | Similar Terms |
| 41 |
| Paired comparison | | The comparison of two samples of equal size where the members of one can be paired off against the members of the other. | | Similar Terms |
| 49 |
| Return period | | 1 - The reciprocal of 1 minus the probability of the value of an occurrence equal to or less than a certain value. 2 - The mean number of such time units necessary to obtain a value equal to or greater than a certain value. For example, where the interval between observations is a year, a return period of 100 years means that, on the average, in th..... | | Similar Terms |
| 51 |
| In phase | | Fluctuating magnitudes whose limiting or corresponding values occur simultaneously are `in phase` otherwise they are `out of phase`...... | | Similar Terms |
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