International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
722
Stream
A body of flowing water. The term is usually applied to water flowing in a natural surface channel (water course, river), but is also applied to water flowing in an open or closed conduit, a well-defined sea or oceanic current and to a jet of water issuing from an opening; sometimes also for a body of underground-flowing water......
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730
Ephemeral stream
A stream or portion of a stream which flows only in direct response to precipitation and whose channel is completely dry at certain times......
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731
Perennial stream
A stream that flows throughout the year.
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857
Streamflow
Discharge flowing in a natural open channel.
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1080
Interstream groundwater ridge
A ridge in the water table formed between two effluent streams, produced by percolation towards the surface streams with the development of a residual groundwater ridge between them (illustrated). .....
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1104
Influent stream, or Losing stream
A stream that contributes water to the zone of saturation.
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1105
Subterranean stream
A body of flowing water that passes through a very large interstice, such as a cave or cavern, or a group of large communicating interstices......
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1106
Effluent stream, or Gaining stream
1 - A stream fed by groundwater. 2 - A stream flowing out of another stream or out of a lake.
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1168
Stream gauging
The process of determining the discharge of water in an open channel, commonly as the product of flow velocity and cross-sectional area.  See also 1169......
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1313
Graded stream
A geomorphological term used for streams that have apparently attained a state of practical equilibrium between the rate of sediment transport and the rate of sediment supply, throughout in long reaches......
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1316
Poised river, or Stable stream
A river or stream which, as a whole, maintains its slopes, depths and channel dimensions without any noticeable raising or lowering of its bed. Such a river may temporarily suffer from a geological point of view, but for practical engineering purposes can be accepted as one of considerable stability......
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1320
Intermittent stream
A natural watercourse that is dry or ceases to flow during some portion of the year.
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1329
Sluggish stream
A stream is sluggish when the slopes decrease and the flood peaks occur slowly due to ageing of the stream or reduction or slowing down of flow by withdrawal or due to storage in the upstream reaches......
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1330
Flashy stream
Stream in which rapidly from the steep slopes of the catchment and flood peaks occur soon after the rain. The flows in such streams subside as rapidly as they collect......
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1332
Mature river, Old stream
A stream with reduced slope so that the water velocities are just sufficient to carry the detritus delivered by the tributaries, having steeper slopes than the main stream. When all channels, including wet weather rills are graded, the stream system is said to be `old`. `Old stream` has a wide floodplain, a broad meander belt, and gentle slopes......
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1337
Beheaded stream
A stream with original headwater drainage area, separated from it by another stream which is more active and has greater erosive power, now drains into the other stream......
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1350
Stream load
All rock fragments and dissolved substances from rocks moved along in the stream water.
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1377
Erosion
Wearing away of the land surfaces or structures by running water, glaciers, winds and waves. It can be subdivided into three processes : corrasion, corrosion, transportation and weathering, although sometimes a distinct process which does not imply removal of any material......
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1378
Headward erosion
1 - The erosion of a stream bed by the action of scour at the bottom of a vertical cliff or waterfall where the flow of the stream plunges, causing undermining of the cliff and its movement upstream, so that the deepened section extends upstream. It differs from cataract action in as much as only a small flow may be necessary to keep it going, or a.....
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1575
Tail water erosion
Linear erosion due to disturbance in sediment movement towards downstream, resulting in depletion of sediments required to reach the transportation capacity. The sediment deposit then occurs at the bottom and on the banks of the river......
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2223
Inlet wing wall, or Upstream wing wall
Wing wall connecting the abutments with the banks of the parent channel or the banks upstream of the structure.
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2224
Outlet wing wall, or Downstream wing wall
Wing wall connecting the abutments with the offtaking channel section downstream of the structure.
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2237
Downstream undersluice channel
A portion of the river or a channel made in the river that confines the erosive effects of the water discharged through the sluice gates that again joins the river downstream......
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2238
Upstream undersluice channel, or Upstream scouring sluice channel
The portion of the river channel leading water to the undersluices and limited up to the sill of the undersluices. `Pocket` is only a part of the upstream undersluice channel......
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2467
Heel line, or Upstream toe line
The line joining the upstream slope or face of a dam with the valley floor or the ustream blanket.
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