International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage Commission Interationale des Irrigation et du Drainage

Multilingual Technical Dictionary (MTD)
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Term No.Term Name/Term DescriptionAction
695
Microclimate
1 - Detailed climate of very small area of the earth’s surface, for example, a single forest or crop field or particularly small river basin.  2 – See 6587, 9295 and 9331......
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696
Macroclimate
The climate over a very large areas, such as deserts or oceans.
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1766
Exchange complex, or Absorbing complex
The surface-active constituents of soil (both inorganic and organic) that are capable of cation exchange.
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1768
Exchangeable
Describes ions capable of replacement in the exchange (absorbing complex).
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1769
Ion exchange, Cation exchange, or Anion exchange
The replacement in a colloidal system of an ion by another with a charge of the same sign. Cation exchange refers to the interchange of positively charged ions (cations) and anion exchange to the replacement of negatively charged ions (anions) by other anions......
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1770
Exchange capacity, Cation exchange capacity, Base exchange capacity, or Saturation capacity
The total cation exchange, usually expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams. Measured value of cation exchange capacity depends somewhat on the method used for the determination......
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1786
Exchangeable-sodium percentage (ESP)
The degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with sodium. It may be calculated by the formula :
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1788
Exchange acidity
Acidity produced by treating soil with a solution of a neutral salt.
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1789
Exchangeable acidity or Potential acidity
H+ ions held in reserve
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3068
Eddy viscosity, Mechanical velocity, Exchange coefficient, or Eddy conductivity
Analogous to the dynamic viscosity, but depends upon the Reynolds number and other parameters. Referred to by various writers as the `mechanical velocity`, `exchange coefficient` and `eddy conductivity`......
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4051
Change of slope (of a canal)
Altering the functioning levels of a canal or canal reach so as to either improve its functioning by gravity or preventing silting or scour......
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5032
Change in salinity
This change is indicated by the average rate of change in the electric conductivity (EC) of the saturated soil water extract defined by the following ratio : .....
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5100
Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)
The degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with sodium. It may be calculated by the formula:
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5624
Volume change (of concrete)
The expansion and contraction of hardened concrete resulting from wetting and drying or temperature variations. May produce various types of undesirable conditions in concrete......
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6586
Macroclimate
The climate representative of relatively large areas.
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6587
Microclimate
1 - Climatic conditions within a few feet of the ground surface. 2 – See 695, 9295 and 9331.
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6600
Environmental change
A natural or man‑induced alteration in the environment.
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7372
Conventional treatment
Wastewater treatment processes and techniques involving the treatment of wastewater at a centralized treatment plant by means of biological or physical/chemical unit processes, followed by direct discharge to surface waters......
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7667
Cation exchange capacity
See 1770.
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7670
Base exchange capacity
A measure of the absorptive capacity of a soil for bases or exchangeable ions (OH).
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7809
Dry climate
Climate in which the total annual soil‑water shortage is 15 cm or greater, and there is no water surplus.
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7844
Climate Impact Assessment:
The practice of identifying and evaluating the detrimental and beneficial consequences of  climate change on natural and human systems......
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7845
Climate change
1 - A statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period of time (typically decades or longer).  2- See 9296......
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8961
Change Management
The process of identifying, documenting, approving and implementing changes within a project.
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9295
Climate
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather,” or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands of years. The classical period is 3 decades, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These.....
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